1.　A Brief History of Kazakhstani Human Spaceflight:An analysis of missions and cosmonaut selection

一般演題 3

Galymzhan Issabekov

Kumagaya General Hospital

【INTRODUCTION】　Despite the fact that Kazakhstan is the home of the historic Baikonur Cosmodrome, the selection of Kazakh-born cosmonauts began only after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.　To date, Kazakhstan has had three cosmonauts who have flown in space.　This study was designed to provide a detailed analysis on a case-by-case basis of the selection process, mission analysis, and post-flight careers of Kazakhstani cosmonauts.
　【METHODS】　Published Kazakh and Russian-language studies pertaining to Kazakhstani human spaceflight missions in the PubMed database up to September 2022 were indexed and evaluated.　Public data were also analyzed for every cosmonaut selected from 1991 to 2022 regarding the process of selection, analysis of missions, and post-flight career follow-up.
　【RESULTS AND DISCUSSION】　Before joining the cosmonaut corps, all four cosmonauts served as test pilots in the Kazakhstani Air Force and attained ROSCOSMOS medical certification.　One cosmonaut changed his citizenship to Russian to participate in spaceflight.　Toktar Aubakirov was the first Kazakh-born cosmonaut who flew to the Mir station as a flight engineer on October 2, 1991, where he spent over eight days in space.　Talgat Musubayev was a Kazakhstani cosmonaut who completed three spaceflights, including two long-term missions on the Mir station （expeditions 16 and 25）.　He first served as a flight engineer on July 1, 1994, followed by commander on January 29, 1998 as well as on his last flight on April 30, 2001 where he completed a 7-day mission with the first space tourist.　14 years later, on September 2, 2015, Aidyn Aimbetov became the third Kazakh-born cosmonaut. He flew a 10-day mission as part of KazCosmos （Kazakhstan's national space agency）.　Post-flight careers of cosmonauts have included political activists, members of parliament, and the head of national space company “Kazakhstan Gharysh Sapary”.　Currently, Kazakhstan only has three cosmonauts who flew to space.　However, given that Russia is gradually transferring some of its launches from Baikonur to the Vostochny launch site, Kazakhstan has the opportunity to offer its launch site on the international market in the future and continue to develop its national spaceflight program.
　※Oral presentation at the venue