Cardiac Remodeling Biomarkers as Potential Circulating Markers of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Cardiac Remodeling Biomarkers as Potential Circulating Markers of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

VALENTINA T. MITIC,¹ DIJANA R. STOJANOVIC,² MARINA Z. DELJANIN ILIC,^1,3 MIODRAG M. STOJANOVIC,^4,5 DEJAN B. PETROVIC,^1,3 ALEKSANDRA M. IGNJATOVIC,^4,5 NIKOLA Z. STEFANOVIC,⁶ GORDANA M. KOCIC⁷ and VLADMILA V. BOJANIC²

¹Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation “Niska Banja”, Niska Banja, Serbia
²Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
³Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
⁴Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
⁵Institute for Public Health, Nis, Serbia
⁶Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
⁷Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia

Soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), galectin-3, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 and syndecan-1 represent biomarkers of cardiac remodeling, involved in heart failure (HF) progression. We hypothesize that their plasma concentrations, together with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are different in HF stratified by ejection fraction (EF), demonstrating correlations with echocardiographic parameters that indicate left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy; LV mass index (LVMI) and posterior wall and septum diameters. HF patients (n = 77) were classified according to EF: reduced EF < 40% (HFrEF), mid-range EF = 40-49% (HFmrEF), preserved EF > 50% (HFpEF). We found that plasma concentrations of four cardiac remodeling biomarkers were highest in HFrEF and lowest in HFpEF, p < 0.001. In HFpEF, remodeling biomarkers independently correlated with LVMI: sST2 (p = 0. 002), galectin-3 (p < 0.001), GDF-15 (p = 0.011), and syndecan-1 (p = 0.006), whereas galectin-3 correlated after multivariable adjustments (p = 0.001). Independent correlates of septum and posterior wall diameters, in HFpEF, were sST2 (p = 0.019; p = 0.026), galectin-3 (p = 0.011; p = 0.009), GDF-15 (p = 0.007; p = 0.001), and syndecan-1 (p = 0.005; p = 0.002). In HFrEF, only sST2, adjusted, correlated with LVMI (p = 0.010), whereas BNP correlated with LVMI (p = 0.002) and EF (p = 0.001). GDF-15 correlated with diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF (p = 0.046) and HFrEF (p = 0.024). Cardiac remodeling biomarkers are potential circulating indicators of LV hypertrophy in HFpEF, which may ensure timely recognition of disease progression among high-risk patients.

Keywords —— galectin-3; growth differentiation factor-15; mid-range ejection fraction; soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity 2; syndecan-1

===============================

Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2020, 250, 233-242

Correspondence: Dijana R. Stojanovic, M.D., Ph.D., Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Dr. Zoran Djindjic Boulevard 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia.

e-mail: dijanam24@hotmail.com