Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2019 September, 249(1)

Professional Oral Care Reduces Carcinogenic Acetaldehyde Levels in Mouth Air of Perioperative Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Prospective Comparative Study

NAOKO TANDA,¹ JUMPEI WASHIO,² TAKASHI KAMEI,³ KOHEI AKAZAWA,⁴ NOBUHIRO TAKAHASHI² and TAKEYOSHI KOSEKI⁵

¹Department of Preventive Dentistry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
²Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
³Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
⁴Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
⁵Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

Acetaldehyde is a potential carcinogen for esophageal cancer, and some oral microorganisms produce acetaldehyde from ethanol or glucose. In this prospective study, we examined the influence of professional oral care on acetaldehyde levels in mouth air of esophageal cancer patients. Acetaldehyde concentrations in mouth air and breath were measured by a portable gas chromatograph, and acetaldehyde production from oral microbiota was also evaluated. Samples were taken from 21 esophageal cancer patients (median age 68 years) and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group) before and after oral care. Post-operative samples were also taken from 17 patients who had undergone surgery. All samples (mouth air, breath, and saliva) were collected 2 to 3 hours after lunch. Oral microbial samples were prepared from saliva. Genotype analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) genes revealed no significant differences in the genotypes between the two groups. In the control group, acetaldehyde levels in mouth air showed no significant changes after oral care, while the amount of microbial acetaldehyde production from ethanol was significantly decreased. By contrast, among the patients, acetaldehyde levels in mouth air were significantly decreased after oral care and after operation, while the amount of microbial acetaldehyde production from ethanol showed no significant changes. Moreover, microbial acetaldehyde production from glucose was significantly decreased after operation. Overall, oral health was poorer in the patient group. In conclusion, professional oral care for esophageal cancer patients is effective for reducing acetaldehyde levels in mouth air due to the reduction of microbial count.

Keywords —— acetaldehyde; esophageal cancer; genotype; oral care; oral microbiota

© 2019 Tohoku University Medical Press

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Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2019, 249, 75-83

Correspondence: Naoko Tanda, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.

e-mail: naoko.tanda.d5@tohoku.ac.jp