Copayment Exemption Policy and Healthcare Utilization after the Great East Japan Earthquake

Copayment Exemption Policy and Healthcare Utilization after the Great East Japan Earthquake

YUSUKE MATSUYAMA,^1,2,3,4 TORU TSUBOYA,¹ SHUN-ICHIRO BESSHO,⁵ JUN AIDA¹ and KEN OSAKA¹

¹Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
²Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Global Health Promotion, Tokyo, Japan
³Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
⁴Department of Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
⁵Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Healthcare utilization after natural disasters remains understudied. In general, people in Japan pay 10%-30% of total amount of costs, according to their health insurance plan. A policy exempting survivors from copayments was introduced after the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, which had a magnitude of 9.0 on the Richter scale and followed by devastating tsunamis. Among the disaster-affected areas, Miyagi prefecture experienced the largest number of deaths and the greatest extent of damage. However, the exemption was suspended in Miyagi prefecture from April, 2013, because of the huge governmental financial burden due to the immensity of damage from the disaster. Subsequently, in April 2014, the exemption was re-introduced, with smaller coverage. We, therefore, evaluated the influence of this policy change on monthly healthcare utilization in Miyagi prefecture between April 2008 and June 2015. We also evaluated the association between the proportion of people exempted from copayment in each municipality and the difference in healthcare utilization before and after the suspension using multivariable linear regression. Healthcare utilization in Miyagi increased immediately after the institution of the exemption policy and it peaked after one year. In March 2013, just before the suspension, a rapid increment in healthcare utilization was observed, suggesting that the copayment may be a barrier for people in the disaster-affected area to access to healthcare. The exemption policy did help the survivors to use healthcare utilization in Miyagi. After devastating natural disasters, policymakers should guarantee that all survivors can utilize healthcare services on demand.

keywords —— access to healthcare; disaster relief; earthquake; health policy; public health policy

===============================

Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2018, 244, 163-173

Correspondence: Toru Tsuboya, Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.

e-mail: tsubo828@gmail.com