Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2012 Dec, 228(4)

Anti-Atherogenic Effects of the Combination Therapy with Olmesartan and Azelnidipine in Diabetic Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

KAZUKI NODA,¹ MAKI HOSOYA,¹ SOTA NAKAJIMA,¹ JUNKO OHASHI,¹ YOSHIHIRO FUKUMOTO¹ and HIROAKI SHIMOKAWA¹

¹Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

Many studies have aimed to identify anti-atherogenic agents in cardiovascular medicine. We have recently demonstrated that the combination therapy with olmesartan (OLM), an angiotensin II receptor blocker, and azelnidipine (AZL), a dihydroprydine calcium-channel blocker, improves endothelial function in diabetic Apolipoprotein-deficient (ApoE^−/−) mice. In the present study, we examined whether this combination therapy also inhibits atherosclerosis in mice. We used male control and streptozocin-induced diabetic ApoE^−/− mice. Diabetic ApoE^−/− mice were orally treated for 5 weeks with vehicle (Untreated), OLM (30 mg/kg/day), AZL (10 mg/kg/day), their combination (OLM+AZL), or hydralazine (HYD, 5 mg/kg/day) as an antihypertensive control. At 5 weeks, systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated in Untreated but was normalized in OLM+AZL and HYD. The atherosclerosis area in the thoracic aorta, perivascular fibrosis and medial thickness of the coronary arteries were increased in Untreated and were ameliorated in OLM+AZL but not in HYD. Staining with a fluorescent probe dihydroethidium showed that production of reactive oxygen species was increased in Untreated, and ameliorated in OLM+AZL. Consistent with these findings, macrophage infiltration in the kidney and the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products in the heart, kidney and liver were increased in Untreated and were all ameliorated in OLM+AZL, associated with up-regulation of endothelial NO syntheses (eNOS). In conclusion, the combination therapy with OLM and AZL exerts anti-atherogenic effect in diabetic ApoE^−/− mice through suppression of oxidative stress and activation of eNOS, independent of its blood pressure-lowering effects. Clinically, this combination therapy may be useful for patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes.

keywords —— angiotensin II receptor blocker; atherosclerosis; calcium channel blocker; combination therapy; oxidative stress

© 2012 Tohoku University Medical Press

===============================

Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2012, 228, 305-315

Correspondence: Hiroaki Shimokawa, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.

e-mail: shimo@cardio.med.tohoku.ac.jp