‰F’ˆq‹óŠÂ‹«ˆãŠw Vol. 53, No. 1, 9-15, 2016
Œ´’˜
³íˆ³’áŽ_‘f‚ªdS“®—h‚É‹y‚Ú‚·‰e‹¿
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3q‹óŽ©‰q‘àq‹óˆãŠwŽÀŒ±‘à@‘æ“ñ•”
Effects of Normobaric Oxygen on Body Sway
Makoto Inada1, Kunio Takada2, Yusuke Mizohata3, Masanori Fujita2,3, Shoichi Tachibana2
1Fourth Department, Japan Air Self-Defense Force Aeromedical Laboratory
2Division of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
3Second Department, Japan Air Self-Defense Force Aeromedical Laboratory
ABSTRACT
@The purpose of this study was to determine the detailed time course of velocity of body sway ihereafter referred to as gbody swayhj in a normobaric hypoxic environment and to investigate the relationship between body sway and the tissue oxygen index iTOIj of the brain.@Seven healthy males were enrolled as subjects in this study.@A normobaric hypoxic environment was established using a reduced oxygen-breathing device.@Body sway was analyzed by determining the locus length per 10 seconds icm/10sj using a stabilometer.@TOI was measured using an infrared oxygen monitor.@gTOI variationh was calculated according to the following formula: average TOI iat n secondsj/initial TOI iat 1 secondj, every 10 seconds.@Initially, subjects inhaled 20.95% O2 i0 ftj for 10 minutes as the Control environment.@After sufficient rest, they inhaled 8.85% O2 i22,000 ftj for 7 minutes iexposure phasej followed by inhalation of 100% O2 for 3 minutes irecovery phasej as the Experimental environment.@Body sway and TOI were measured in both environments.@During the exposure phase, body sway increased significantly at 210, 250, 280 seconds ip<0.05, respectivelyj and TOI variation decreased significantly from 70 to 300 seconds ip<0.05 to p<0.01j compared with the control.@During the recovery phase, it took 60 seconds for recovery of body sway compared with 40 seconds for recovery of the TOI variation.@There were small correlations between body sway and TOI variation in both the exposure ir=|0.22, p<0.001j and the recovery ir=|0.30, p<0.001j phases.@Additional analyses were performed to adjust for the gtime lagh between body sway and TOI variation based on the above findings.@A negative correlation was observed between body sway at n{140 seconds and TOI variation at n seconds during the exposure phase ir=|0.52, p<0.001j.@Similarly, a negative correlation was observed between body sway at n + 20 seconds and TOI variation at n seconds during the recovery phase ir =|0.50, p<0.001j.@Our results suggest the following; first, hypoxia affects body sway independent of aerial environment such as spatial disorientation, fatigue, or barometric changes;second, there is a possibility that body sway is one of the factors reflected by cerebral oxygenation with a time lag.
@
iReceived:6 August, 2015@Accepted:13 January, 2016j
Key words:normobaric hypoxia, body sway, tissue oxygen index iTOIj
I.@‚Í‚¶‚ß‚É
‘€cŽm“™‚ÍC”òs’†‚É—^ˆ³ƒVƒXƒeƒ€‚ÌŒÌá“™‚É‚æ‚é‹}Œƒ‚È’áŽ_‘f”˜˜I‚ª‹N‚±‚Á‚½ê‡C‚»‚Ìì‹Æ”\—Í“™‚ª’ቺ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª’m‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é6,8,9jB“Á‚É’†•_ŒoŒnicentral nervous system;CNSj‚ÍÅ‚à’áŽ_‘f‚É‚æ‚é‰e‹¿‚ðŽó‚¯‚â‚·‚12jC—lX‚È‚“x‚É‚¨‚¯‚é’áŽ_‘f‚Ì‹y‚Ú‚·CNS‹@”\‚ւ̉e‹¿‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒ¤‹†‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é4,7jB‘€cŽm‚Ì”»’f‚ªˆê‚𑈂¤ó‹µ‚ɂ‚Ȃª‚肤‚éq‹ó‹Æ–±‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍC’áŽ_‘f”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚éì‹Æ”\—͒ቺ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÚׂɌŸ“¢‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚‚±‚Æ‚ªC”òsˆÀ‘Sã‚Ì‘Îô‚ðu‚¶‚éã‚Åd—v‚Å‚ ‚éB‚µ‚©‚µ‚È‚ª‚çC‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å’áŽ_‘fÇ‚Ì’¥Œó‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錤‹†‚Í‘½‚¬‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½‚ªC’áŽ_‘f”˜˜I‚©‚ç’áŽ_‘fÇ‚Ì’¥Œó‚ªoŒ»‚·‚é—lŽq‚ðCŒpŽž“I‚©‚¸–§‚ÉŠÏŽ@‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†‚ÍC‰äX‚ª’m‚éŒÀ‚è‚È‚¢B
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B.@‘ª’è•û–@
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Fig. 1.@Reduced Oxygen Breathing Device iaj and the experimental scene ibj. |
dS“®—hibody swayj‚ÍdS“®—hŒviGRAVICORDER5500®CƒAƒjƒ}Š”Ž®‰ïŽÐj‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄC10•b‚ ‚½‚è‚ÌdSˆÚ“®‹——£icm/10 sj‚𑪒肵‚½B”팱ŽÒ‚É‚ÍCŽè‡‘11j‚É€‚¶C‡@ ƒwƒ‹ƒƒbƒg‚ƃ}ƒXƒN‚ð‘•’…C‡A Šá‚Ì‚‚³‚Éݒ肵‚½Žw•W‚ð’Ž‹C‡B •Â‘«—§‚¿C‡C Šy‚ÈŽp¨C‚Ìó‘Ô‚ÅdS“®—hŒv‚Ìã‚É’¼—§‚³‚¹C‘ª’èŒë·‚𶂶‚ʂ悤C‡D ˆÓ“I‚ÈŽp¨‚Ì‹¸³C‡E ‘«‚Ì“¥‚Ý‘Ö‚¦C‚Ís‚í‚È‚¢‚悤‚ÉŽwŽ¦‚µ‚½iFig. 1ibjjB
”]“àŽ_‘f‰»Žw•Witissue oxygen index, TOIj‚ÍÔŠOüŽ_‘fƒ‚ƒjƒ^iNIRO-200®C•l¼ƒzƒgƒjƒNƒXŽÐj‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄC‹ßÔŠOü•ªŒõ–@inear-infrared spectroscopy, NIRSj‚É‚æ‚葪’肵‚½B‘ª’è•”ˆÊ‚Ͷ‘OŠz•”‚Æ‚µ‚½B‚Ü‚½Cƒvƒ[ƒuŠÔ‚Ì‹——£‚ð30 mm‚É‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ÅC“ª”ç‚©‚ç–ñ20 mm‚Ì[•”‚Ü‚Å‚ð•]‰¿‚µ‚½BŒÂl‚É‚æ‚Á‚ăx[ƒXƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ªˆÙ‚Ȃ邽‚ßCŽÀŒ±ŠJŽnŒãn•bŽž‚É‚¨‚¯‚éuTOI”äv‚ðgTOIin•bj/TOIi1•bjh‚ÌŠ·ŽZŽ®‚ÅŽZo‚µCTOI”ä‚Ì10•b‚²‚Æ‚Ì•½‹Ï‚ðTOI•Ï‰»—¦iTOI variationj‚Æ’è‹`‚µ‚ĉðÍ‚É—p‚¢‚½B
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Fig. 2. Outline of the experiment. |
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Fig. 3. Body sway and TOI variation during the exposure and recovery phases. |
Fig. 4. Correlation between body sway and TOI variation during the exposure phase. |
Fig. 5. Correlation between body sway and TOI variation during the recovery phase. |
III.@Œ‹‰Ê
ƒRƒ“ƒgƒ[ƒ‹ŠÂ‹«‚¨‚æ‚ÑŽÀŒ±ŠÂ‹«‚É‚¨‚¯‚édS“®—h‚¨‚æ‚ÑTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚ðFig. 3‚ÉŽ¦‚µ‚½B’áŽ_‘f”˜˜I‚Í“–‰7•ªŠÔ‚ðŒv‰æ‚µ‚½‚ªC5•ªŒo‰ßŒã‚ɉñ•œƒtƒF[ƒY‚ɈÚs‚³‚¹‚´‚é‚𓾂Ȃ©‚Á‚½ƒP[ƒX‚à‚ ‚Á‚½‚½‚ßC”˜˜IƒtƒF[ƒY‚̉ð͂̓f[ƒ^‚ª‘µ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é5•ª‚Ü‚Å‚Æ‚µ‚½B‚Ü‚½CdS“®—h‚Í7–¼‘Sˆõ‚ð‰ðÍ‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½‚ªCTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚Í‹@ŠBƒgƒ‰ƒuƒ‹‚É‚æ‚è2–¼‚Ì‘ª’肪s‚¦‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚½‚ßC5–¼‚ð‰ðÍ‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B
”˜˜IƒtƒF[ƒY‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCŽÀŒ±ŠÂ‹«‚̓Rƒ“ƒgƒ[ƒ‹ŠÂ‹«‚Æ”ä‚×CdS“®—h‚Í210•bC250•bC280•b‚Å—LˆÓ‚É㸂µCTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚Í70•b‚©‚ç300•b‚Ü‚Å—LˆÓ‚ɒቺ‚µ‚½iFig. 3jB
‰ñ•œƒtƒF[ƒY‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCŽÀŒ±ŠÂ‹«‚̓Rƒ“ƒgƒ[ƒ‹ŠÂ‹«‚Æ”ä‚×CdS“®—h‚Í60•bŒã‚É—LˆÓ‚È㸂ª–³‚‚È‚èCTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚Í40•bŒã‚É—LˆÓ‚Ȓቺ‚ª–³‚‚È‚Á‚½iFig. 3jB
”˜˜IƒtƒF[ƒY‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCdS“®—h‚ðcŽ²CTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚ð‰¡Ž²C‚Æ‚µƒvƒƒbƒg‚µ‚½ŽU•z}‚ðFig. 4‚ÉŽ¦‚µ‚½BdS“®—h‚ÆTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚É‘ŠŠÖ‚Í‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç”F‚ß‚È‚©‚Á‚½ir=|0.22, p<0.001jB
“¯—l‚ɉñ•œƒtƒF[ƒY‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚àCdS“®—h‚ÆTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚É‘ŠŠÖ‚Í‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç”F‚ß‚È‚©‚Á‚½iFig. 5;r=|0.30, p<0.001jB
ŽÀŒ±ŠÂ‹«‚ƃRƒ“ƒgƒ[ƒ‹ŠÂ‹«‚É‚¨‚¯‚édS“®—h‚ÆTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚Å—LˆÓ·‚ª¶‚¶‚鎞ŠÔ·‚¨‚æ‚Ñ—LˆÓ·‚ª–³‚‚Ȃ鎞ŠÔ·‚ÍC”˜˜IƒtƒF[ƒY‚Å140•bi210•b‚Æ70•bjC‰ñ•œƒtƒF[ƒY‚Å20•bi60•b‚Æ40•bj‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½iFig. 3jB‚»‚±‚ÅCdS“®—h‚ÍTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚É”ä‚ׂĒx‚ê‚ĕω»‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‰Â”\«‚ðl—¶‚µ‚ÄX‚Ȃ镪͂ðs‚Á‚½B
”˜˜IƒtƒF[ƒY‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCn{140•bin‚Í10‚Ì”{”CˆÈ‰º“¯—ljŽž“_‚ÌdS“®—hi150•b`300•bj‚Æn•bŽž“_‚ÌTOI•Ï‰»—¦i10•b`160•bj‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲂ׂ½Bn+140•b‚ÌdS“®—h‚ðcŽ²Cn•b‚ÌTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚ð‰¡Ž²‚Æ‚µƒvƒƒbƒg‚µ‚½ŽU•z}‚ðFig. 6‚ÉŽ¦‚µ‚½Bn{140•bŽž“_‚ÌdS“®—h‚Æn•bŽž“_‚ÌTOI•Ï‰»—¦‚É‚Í•‰‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ‚ð”F‚ß‚½ir =|0.52, p<0.001jB
“¯—l‚ɉñ•œƒtƒF[ƒY‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄCn{20•bŽž“_‚ÌdS“®—hi30•b`180•bj‚Æn•bŽž“_‚ÌTOI•Ï‰»—¦i10•b`160•bj‚É‚Í•‰‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ‚ð”F‚ß‚½iFig. 7;r =|0.50, p<0.001jB
Fig. 6. Correlation after adjustment for the time lag between body sway and TOI variation during the exposure phase. |
Fig. 7. Correlation after adjustment for the time lag between body sway and TOI variation during the recovery phase. |
IV.@lŽ@
¡‰ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄC’áŽ_‘f‚É”˜˜I‚·‚é‚ÆdS“®—hidS“®—h‘¬“xj‚ª‘‰Á‚µC’áŽ_‘f‚©‚ç—£’E‚·‚ê‚ÎdS“®—h‚ª‰ñ•œ‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ‹‰Ê‚ª“¾‚ç‚ꂽB“–Œ¤‹†‚ÍC•—Œi‚âd—͉Á‘¬“x‚̕ω»‚Í‚È‚¢‚½‚ß‹óŠÔŽ¯Ž¸’²‚̉e‹¿‚Íl‚¦‚É‚‚¢B‚Ü‚½C”æ˜J‚ª‘å‚«‚‰e‹¿‚·‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚Î’áŽ_‘fŠÂ‹«‚©‚ç‚Ì—£’E‚ʼnñ•œ‚Í”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢‚½‚ßC”æ˜J‚̉e‹¿‚ª‘å‚«‚‚È‚¢‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éB‚³‚ç‚ÉC³íˆ³‚ÅŽÀŽ{‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚©‚çC‹Cˆ³•Ï‰»‚̉e‹¿‚Í‚È‚¢B‚»‚êŒÌC‹óŠÔŽ¯Ž¸’²C”æ˜JC‹Cˆ³•Ï‰»“™‚Ìq‹óŠÂ‹«‚É‚¨‚¢‚Äg‘̂ɉe‹¿‚ð—^‚¦‚éˆöŽq‚Æ‚Í–³ŠÖŒW‚É’áŽ_‘f”˜˜I‚»‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ªdS“®—h‚ɉe‹¿‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦´‚³‚ꂽB
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1j Chumbley, E.:the oxygen paradox and ROBD.@Flightlines, 27, 5, 2014.
2j Cymerman, A., Muza, S.R., Beidleman, B.A., Ditzler, D.T. and Fulco, C.S.:Postural Instability and Acute Mountain Sickness During Esposure to 24 Hours of Simulated Altitude i4,300 mj.@High Alt. Med. Biol., 2, 509-514, 2001.
3j Degache, F., Larghi, G., Faiss, R., Deriaz, O. and Millet, G.: Hypobaric versus Normobaric Hypoxia:Same Effects on Postural Stability ?@High Alt. Med. Biol., 13, 40-45, 2012.
4j Denison, D.M., Ledwith, F. and Poulton, E.C.:Complex reaction times at simulated cabin altitudes of 5,000 feet and 8,000 feet.@Aerosp. Med., 37, 1010-1013, 1966.
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9j ’†‘º²’jC–î‘q¬K:q‹óŠÂ‹«D—Õ°q‹óˆãŠwCã“c@‘׊ÄD–P–“°‘“XC“Œ‹žCpp. 17-29, 1995.
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11j Žž“c@‹ª:dS“®—hŒŸ¸„Ÿ‚»‚ÌŽÀۂƉðŽß„ŸCƒAƒjƒ}Š”Ž®‰ïŽÐC“Œ‹žCpp. 5-8, 2000.
12j West, J.B., Robert, B.S., Andrew, M.L. and James, S.M.: Central nervous system.@In:High Altitude Medicine and Physiology 5th Ed.@CRC Press, USA, pp. 250-263, 2012.
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